The phonic literacy method aims to develop reading and writing skills through knowledge of the sounds of letters.
With this method, children learn to read based on the principle that there is a correspondence between the sounds of our speech and the letters we read on paper.
French neuroscientist Stanislas Dehaene stated in his book "This is how we learn" that:
To learn to read, phonics training is essential. Only by paying attention to the correspondence between letters and sounds can the student activate the classic reading circuit, allowing the appropriate type of learning to occur.
And how does this learning happen?
First, it is important to develop phonological awareness,that is, knowing that our speech is divided into sentences, sentences into words, words into syllables and syllables into letters strong>. When the child finally understands these small parts of our speech (the letters), the time has come to learn the sounds in isolation: it is at this moment that the development ofphonemic awareness begins. Phonemic awareness is knowledge of the sounds of each letter of the alphabet. This entire process occurs during pre-literacy, which covers the ages of 3 to 5 years.
An important observation is that the acquisition of vocabulary is also essential, because when the child has a large bag of words and meanings, it will help with this development and, subsequently, with reading comprehension. Therefore, it is necessary to read stories aloud to children, as this way they will have contact with a varied vocabulary that we do not usually say in everyday life.
After pre-literacy and the development of phonological awareness (that is, the phonological perception and phonemic awareness mentioned above), we actually begin literacy with the alphabetic principle. It is at this stage that the child develops graphophonemic perception: he learns that letters have, in addition to sounds, a shape and name. An example: the letter "F" has a name: efe; a shape or design F; and the sound [f].
With all this knowledge, the child is ready to read and form their first words by matching the spelling of the letters (shape) and their sounds, because they can already understand that the letters map the sounds of our speech.
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