This is a very common question among parents and - too! - teachers. Few can understand the differences between these two learning processes and, in reality, they are quite simple.
Literacy is transforming letters into sounds; is teaching children that letters map the sounds of our speech.
The Portuguese language, like other languages derived from Latin and Greek, is a phonetic language. Therefore, the letters of the alphabet correspond to one, two or three sounds. In other words, during literacy instruction, the teacher must teach that letters have a shape and correspond to certain sounds in our speech, for example: the letter "a" has the shape "A" and the sounds /a/ or /ã/ .
When learning to read, it is not required that the child understand what they are reading. Reading comprehension happens in the literacy process.
Literacy is the understanding of what you read. This learning begins after the acquisition of reading skills and develops from reading fluency, the development of memory, the expansion of vocabulary and knowledge of the relationship that words acquire between themselves when placed in a sentence.
Learning to read, although it is essential to introduce children to the literate world, is much simpler than learning literacy. Literacy is much more difficult and takes longer, as it is necessary to develop skills to advance in language learning and the perception of linguistic structures.
In short: literacy happens when children learn to encode (write) and decode (read) the words we speak, while literacy is the learning of reading comprehension.
In the video below, I talked a little more about this difference. Don't forget to watch and leave your comment if you have any questions.
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